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Meng Xuanzhe
Meng Xuanzhe (孟玄喆) (937〔''History of Song'', vol. 479.〕〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 289.〕-991〔), courtesy name Zunsheng (遵聖), formally the Duke of Teng (滕國公), was a crown prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Shu under his father Meng Chang, the last emperor of the state. After Later Shu was destroyed by Song Dynasty, Meng Xuanzhe served as a general and official for Song.
== During Later Shu ==
Meng Xuanzhe was born in 937, during the early reign of his father Meng Chang, as Meng Chang's oldest son.〔〔〔''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms'', (vol. 50 ).〕 His mother's identity was lost to history.〔 He was said to be intelligent in his youth and capable in calligraphy.〔 In 950, when Meng Chang created his brothers and sons imperial princes, Meng Xuanzhe was created the Prince of Qin;〔 he was also given the titles of acting ''Taiwei'' (太尉), commander of the imperial guards, and honorary chancellor (''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi'', 同中書門下平章事). There was a time that he wrote out, in calligraphy, the instructions that the famous Tang Dynasty chancellor Yao Chong left his sons, and then had the calligraphy carved onto rocks. Meng Chang, for this work, awarded him silver vessels and colored silk.〔
In 958, Meng Chang gave Meng Xuanzhe the title of military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Wude Circuit (武德, headquartered in Mianyang, Sichuan). In 961, he was given the greater honorary chancellor title of ''Shizhong'' (侍中).〔 In 962, Meng Chang created him Crown Prince. For reasons unclear to history, Meng Chang also ordered that his attendants and people who announced his arrival should refer him as "His Imperial Highness" rather than "the Crown Prince." The chancellor Li Hao, believing this to be irregular, argued against the order, and the order was rescinded.〔''Xu Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 2.〕
In spring 964, in the middle of the invasion by Later Shu's northeastern neighbor Song Dynasty, the commanding general of the Later Shu troops Wang Zhaoyuan was suffering multiple defeats at the hands of the Song army. Meng Chang became fearful, and commissioned another army to head to defend Jianmen Pass and put Meng Xuanzhe in titular command of it, with the generals Li Tinggui (李廷珪) and Zhang Hui'an (張惠安) in actual command. Meng Xuanzhe's banners were all adorned with silk, but when the army encountered rain, he had the silk removed and then replaced when the rain stopped — but doing so caused the silk to be hung upside down. He also took his concubines and entertainers with him, such that he became a laughing stock for doing so. Before he could reach Jianmen, however, news came that Wang and Wang's deputy Zhao Chongtao (趙崇韜) had been again defeated and captured by Song forces. He panicked and, after initially intending to take up defensive position at Wude's capital Zi Prefecture (梓州), instead fled back to the Later Shu capital Chengdu. This caused major panic at the capital, leading to his father Meng Chang's decision to surrender to Song shortly after, ending Later Shu.〔''Xu Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 4.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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